Insights into the Domestic Wastewater Treatment (DWWT) Regimes: A Review

It is expected that, by 2050, the rapid rise in population and simultaneous urbanization shall deplete clean water supplies. Domestic wastewater (DWW) contains inorganic organic components that can be harmful to aquatic organisms. Traditional remediation approaches (physical, chemical biological) used on-site or off-site purify polluted domestic (activated sludge, built-wetlands, stabilization ponds, trickling filters membrane bioreactors), each has its own advantages limitations. Biosorption through microorganisms, bacteria (microbe-mediated remediation), fungi (mycoremediation) algae (phycoremediation) shown promising results removing toxic chemicals nutrients. The type of waste concentration, heterogeneity level percentage clean-up required; feasibility technique efficiency, practicability, operational difficulties, environmental impact treatment costs are all factors considered when choosing a for (DWWT). This review focuses on roles conventional methods DWWT, including their merits, demerits future prospects. promotes concept “reduce, reuse recycle” DWWT also highlights problem emerging contaminants WWT regimes. We provide insights into different filtration procedures purification techniques synergism non-conventional strategies human environment health security.